MXene: a promising transition metal carbide anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Herein we report on Li insertion into a new two-dimensional (2-D) layered Ti₂C-based material (MXene) with an oxidized surface, formed by etching Al from Ti₂AlC in HF at room temperature. Nitrogen sorption of treated powders showed desorption hysteresis consistent with the presence of slit-like pores. At 23 m² g-¹, the specific surface area was an order of magnitude higher than untreated Ti₂AlC. Cyclic voltammetry exhibited lithiation and delithiation peaks at 1.6 V and 2 V vs. Li+/Li, respectively. At C/25, the steady state capacity was 225 mAh g-¹; at 1C, it was 110 mAh g-¹ after 80 cycles; at 3C, it was 80 mAh g-¹ after 120 cycles; at 10C, it was 70 mAh g-¹ after 200 cycles. Since Ti₂C is a member of the MXene family - where M is an early transition metal and X is C and/or N - that to date includes Ti₃C₂, Ta₄C₃, TiNbC, and (V₀.₅,Cr₀.₅)₃C₂, our results suggest that MXenes are promising as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.