Code Shift Keying: Prospects for Improving GNSS Signal Designs

Abstract

This article presents the code shift keying (CSK) modulation principle and highlights some of its specific features related to demodulation performance. CSK behaves like a M-ary signaling technology and presents interesting capabilities and features to solve some of the GNSS industry's current dilemmas. CSK provides distincitive demodulation properties but does not outperform BPSK implementation with equivalent bit rate and message time duration for the cases presented here. However, achieving additional improvement of the CSK modulation is still expected; for instance, optimizing error correction codes for CSK may reverse this trend.