Injectability, microstructure and release properties of sodium fusidate-loaded apatitic cement as a local drug-delivery system

Abstract

The introduction of an antibiotic, sodiumfusidate (SF), into the liquid phase of calcium carbonate–calcium phosphate(CaCO3–CaP) bone cement was evaluated, considering the effect of the liquid to powder ratio (L/P) on the composition and microstructure of the set cement and the injectability of the paste. In all cases, we obtained set cements composed mainly of biomimetic carbonated apatite analogous to bone mineral. With this study,we evidenced a synergistic effect of the L/P ratio and SF presence on the injectability (i.e., the filter-pressing phenomenon was suppressed) and the setting time of the SF-loaded cement paste compared to reference cement(without SF). In addition, the in vitro study of SF release, according to the European Pharmacopoeia recommendations, showed that, regardless of the L/P ratio, the cement allowed a sustained release of the antibiotic over 1 month in sodiumchloride isotonic solution at 37 °C and pH 7.4; this release is discussed considering the microstructure characteristics of SF-loaded cements (i.e., porosity, pore-size distribution) before and after the release test. Finally, modelling antibiotic release kinetics with severalmodels indicated that the SF releasewas controlled by a diffusion mechanism.