Prade, Henri and Richard, Gilles From Analogical Proportion to Logical Proportions. (2013) Logica Universalis, 7 (4). 441-505. ISSN 1661-8297
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(Document in English)
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11787-013-0089-6
Abstract
Given a 4-tuple of Boolean variables (a, b, c, d), logical proportions are modeled by a pair of equivalences relating similarity indicators ( a∧b and a¯∧b¯), or dissimilarity indicators ( a∧b¯ and a¯∧b) pertaining to the pair (a, b), to the ones associated with the pair (c, d). There are 120 semantically distinct logical proportions. One of them models the analogical proportion which corresponds to a statement of the form “a is to b as c is to d”. The paper inventories the whole set of logical proportions by dividing it into five subfamilies according to what they express, and then identifies the proportions that satisfy noticeable properties such as full identity (the pair of equivalences defining the proportion hold as true for the 4-tuple (a, a, a, a)), symmetry (if the proportion holds for (a, b, c, d), it also holds for (c, d, a, b)), or code independency (if the proportion holds for (a, b, c, d), it also holds for their negations (a¯,b¯,c¯,d¯)). It appears that only four proportions (including analogical proportion) are homogeneous in the sense that they use only one type of indicator (either similarity or dissimilarity) in their definition. Due to their specific patterns, they have a particular cognitive appeal, and as such are studied in greater details. Finally, the paper provides a discussion of the other existing works on analogical proportions.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | Thanks to Springer Verlag editor. The definitive version is available athttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11787-013-0089-6 |
HAL Id: | hal-01138469 |
Audience (journal): | International peer-reviewed journal |
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Institution: | Université de Toulouse > Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE) French research institutions > Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE) Université de Toulouse > Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE) Université de Toulouse > Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE) Université de Toulouse > Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE) |
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Deposited On: | 02 Apr 2015 07:13 |
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