Intriguing viscosity effects in confined suspensions: a numerical study

Abstract

The effective viscosity of dilute and semi-dilute suspensions in a shear flow in a microfluidic configuration is studied numerically. The suspension is composed of monodisperse and non-Brownian hard spherical buoyant particles confined between two walls in a shear flow. An abrupt change of the viscosity behaviour occurs with strong confinements: when the wall-to-wall distance is below five times the radius of the particles, we obtain a change of the sign of the contribution of the hydrodynamic interactions to the effective viscosity. This effect is the macroscopic counterpart of the peculiar micro-hydrodynamics of confined suspensions due to the influence of walls. In addition, for higher concentrations (above 25%), we find that the viscosity meets a minimum when the inter-wall distance is around five times the sphere radius. This phenomenon is reminiscent of the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect for blood confined in small capillaries. However, we show that for sheared confined semi-dilute suspensions, the physical origin of this minimum is not due to a migration effect but to the change of hydrodynamic interactions.